对象解构是一种从对象中提取属性的简洁方式。 它的语法类似于对象字面量表达式,只不过位于赋值语句的左侧,而不是右侧。
const weather = {
sun: '☀️',
sun_behind_small_cloud: '🌤️',
sun_behind_cloud: '⛅',
sun_behind_large_cloud: '🌥️',
sun_behind_rain_cloud: '🌦️',
cloud: '☁️',
cloud_with_rain: '🌧️',
cloud_with_snow: '🌨️',
cloud_with_lightning: '🌩️',
cloud_with_lightning_and_rain: '⛈️',
};
const { sun, cloud, cloud_with_lightning } = weather;
sun;
// => '☀️'
cloud;
// => '☁️'
cloud_with_lightning;
// => '🌩️'
这种语法可以像sun、cloud和cloud_with_lightning那样按键提取属性,也可以为变量另取一个名字:
const { sun: sunny, cloud: cloudy, cloud_with_rain: rainy } = weather;
typeof cloud_with_rain;
// => 'undefined'
typeof rainy;
// => 'string'
rainy;
// => 🌧️
赋值时也不需要使用所有的值。
如果源对象中没有对应的值,对象解构赋值可以提供_默认值_:
const { sun = '🌞', tornado = '🌪️', cloud_with_snow: snowy = '❄️' } = weather;
sun;
// => '☀️'
tornado;
// => '🌪️'
snowy;
// => '🌨️'
可以观察到以下几点:
sun从对象weather中提取出来,因为它存在于对象weather中,所以没有被替换,tornado在对象weather中不存在,所以使用了默认值,cloud_with_snow被提取为变量snowy,因为cloud_with_snow存在于对象weather中,所以没有被替换。weather对象有很多属性。
当把这个对象传给函数时,可以直接从中提取一个或多个属性:
function weatherReport({ sun }) {
console.log(sun);
}
weatherReport(sun);
// => '☀️'
for of 迭代当迭代一个array(或其他可迭代对象),且其中的元素是对象时,可以在for (...) of iterable语句中进行解构:
const { sun: sunny, cloud: cloudy, cloud_with_rain: rainy } = weather;
const prediction = [
{
chance: 0.8,
weather: sunny,
description: 'There is a 80% chance it will remain sunny.',
},
{
chance: 0.15,
weather: cloudy,
description:
'There is a 15% chance the clouds will keep the sun from poking through.',
},
{
chance: 0.05,
weather: rainy,
description: 'There is a small chance of rain.',
},
];
for (const { weather: symbol, description } of prediction) {
console.log(`${symbol}: ${description}`);
}
// '☀️: There is a 80% chance it will remain sunny.'
// '☁️: There is a 15% chance the clouds will keep the sun from poking through.'
// '🌧️: There is a small chance of rain.'