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while

def self.years_before_desired_balance(current_balance, desired_balance)
  years = 0
  while current_balance < desired_balance
    current_balance = annual_balance_update(current_balance)
    years += 1
  end
  years
end

until

def self.years_before_desired_balance(current_balance, desired_balance)
  years = 0
  until current_balance >= desired_balance
    current_balance = annual_balance_update(current_balance)
    years += 1
  end
  years
end

loop

def self.years_before_desired_balance(current_balance, desired_balance)
  years = 0
  loop do
    current_balance = annual_balance_update(current_balance)
    years += 1
    return years if current_balance >= desired_balance
  end
end

Come avrai probabilmente notato, Ruby non ha un operatore di incremento (i++) come invece hanno alcuni altri linguaggi. Al suo posto puoi usare costrutti come i += 1 (che equivale a i = i + 1).