Numbers in

About Numbers

Numbers

Swift has 2 main types of numbers: integers and floating-point numbers. Integers are whole numbers, e.g. 0, 1, -1, 42, and -273. Floating-point numbers are numbers with a fractional component, e.g. 0.0, 3.14, and -1.36969e-10. Swift also allows using underscores to make numbers more readable, e.g. 1_000_000 is the same as 1000000. Floating-points can be written in either decimal or exponential notation.

In most cases you would define the type for integers as Int and for floating-point numbers as Double.

To declare a variable or constant to be of type Int or Double, you can use a type annotation:

let speed: Int = 42                           // speed is an Int
let pi: Double = 3.14                         // pi is a Double
let giga: Double = 1_000_000_000              // giga is a Double
let plancksConstant : Double = 6.62607015e-34 // plancksConstant is a Double

Arithmetic operators

Swift does have a set of arithmetic operators that can be used to perform basic mathematical operations. The + operator is used for addition, the - operator is used for subtraction, and the * operator is used for multiplication.

Division

The / operator is used for division. When using a floating-point number, the result will be a floating-point number. When using integers, the result will be an integer.

5 / 2.0 // equals 2.5
5 / 2   // equals 2

When dividing by zero, depending on the type of number, you will get a different result. If you divide a floating-point number by zero, the result will be inf, or -inf if the number being divided is negative. Only exception is when you divide zero by zero, and one of them being a floating point number which will result in nan. If you divide an integer by zero, you will get a compile error.

print(5.0 / 0.0)  // Prints inf
print(-5.0 / 0.0) // Prints -inf
print(0.0 / 0.0)  // Prints nan

// The following code will not compile
print(5 / 0) // error: division by zero

Remainder

The % operator is used to get the remainder of a division and does only work with integers. The operator returns the remainder of the division of the first argument by the second argument. And as with division, having the second argument having the value of zero will result in a compile error.

5 % 2  // equals 1
-5 % 2 // equals -1

// The following code will not compile
5 % 0 // error: division by zero

Rounding numbers

Rounding numbers is done by using the rounded() method on a floating-point number. To round to the nearest integer, you can use the rounded() method without any arguments. To round up or down, you can use the rounded(.up) or rounded(.down) methods respectively.

let x = 3.14
let y = x.rounded()      // y equals 3.0
let w = x.rounded(.down) // w equals 3.0
let z = x.rounded(.up)   // z equals 4.0

Type inference

Swift can infer what type a number is based on the context, without extra context will the compiler assume that number is an Int. If you want to tell the compiler that you want a whole number to be a Double you must use either a type annotation or append a .0 onto the end of the number literal. E.g.

let x = 42         // x is an Int
let y = 42.0       // y is a Double
let z: Double = 42 // z is a Double

Type Conversion

In Swift, to convert a value from one type to another, you need to do a type Conversion. For example, to convert an Int to a Double and vice versa, you would need to do the following:

let x = 42
let d = Double(x)
print(d)           // Prints 42.0
print(type(of: d)) // Prints Double

let pi = 3.14
let iPi = Int(pi)
print(iPi)           // Prints 3
print(type(of: iPi)) // Prints Int