Election Day

int adjust_salary(int base, int kids) {
    return base + kids * 500;
}
int now_a_mother_of_twins{2500};
adjust_salary(now_a_mother_of_twins, 2);

// now_a_mother_of_twins is still 2500
now_a_mother_of_twins = adjust_salary(now_a_mother_of_twins, 2);
// now_a_mother_of_twins is now 3500

int balance{1000};
int& budget{balance};
int pro_computer_wheels{699};
budget -= pro_computer_wheels;
// budget is now 301;
// balance is also 301;

int main_acc{1'000'000};
int side_acc{-20};
int& savings{main_acc};
// => main_acc and savings are 1'000'000

// try to reseat savings to use main account
savings = side_acc;
// savings and main_acc are now -20
// as this uses the **value** of side_acc
savings += 20;
// savings and main_acc are now 0, side_acc is still -20

int& future_budget;
// => compiler error, reference must be bound!

void increase_power(int& level) {
    level += 500;
}
int goku{8700};
increase_power(goku);
// goku's power level?
// It's over 9000!

Instructions

A local school near you has a very active students' association. The students' association is managed by a president and once every 2 years, elections are run to elect a new president.

In this year's election, it was decided that a new digital system to count the votes was needed. The school needs your help building this new system.

1. Get the number of votes from an ElectionResult

The new system will need a way to get the number of votes from a counter.

The election result struct is already created for you and it's defined as:

struct ElectionResult {
    // Name of the candidate
    std::string name{};
    // Number of votes the candidate has
    int votes{};
};

As all members in the struct are public, you don't need to write a constructor to initialize an ElectionResult object. You can use an initializer list instead:

ElectionResult hamilton{"Alex", 1804};
// => the hamilton object was initialized with the name "Alex" and 1804 votes.

Create a function vote_count that will take a reference to an ElectionResult as an argument and will return the number of votes in the ElectionResult.

vote_count(hamilton);
// => 1804

2. Increment the votes of an ElectionResult

It's finally time to process the votes! Now you need a way to increment the votes in an ElectionResult.

Create a void function increment_vote_count that will take a reference to an ElectionResult as an argument and a number of votes, and will increment the ElectionResult by that number of votes.

ElectionResult burr{"Aaron " 1801};

increment_vote_count(burr, 3);

vote_count(burr);
// => 1804

3. Vote counting and Presidency

The school handed in their votes and it is now time to check the results for the winner.

Create a function determine_result that receives a reference to a final count and returns a reference to the ElectionResult of the new president. It should also change the name of the winner by prefixing it with "President". The final count is given in the form of a reference to std::vector<ElectionResult>, a vector with ElectionResults of all the participating candidates.

ElectionResult sanchez{"Pedro", 471};
ElectionResult wheatley{"Summer", 340};
std::vector<ElectionResult> final_count{sanchez, wheatley};

ElectionResult& winner = determine_result(final_count);

winner.name;
// => "President Pedro"

To keep things simple, you can assume the following:

• The vector has at least one element.
• There will be no ties for first place.