Cars, Assemble!

Numbers

There are two different types of numbers in C#:

• Integers: numbers with no digits behind the decimal separator (whole numbers). Examples are -6, 0, 1, 25, 976 and 500000.
• Floating-point numbers: numbers with zero or more digits behind the decimal separator. Examples are -2.4, 0.1, 3.14, 16.984025 and 1024.0.

The two most common numeric types in C# are int and double. An int is a 32-bit integer and a double is a 64-bit floating-point number.

Arithmetic is done using the standard arithmetic operators. Numbers can be compared using the standard numeric comparison operators and the equality (==) and inequality (!=) operators.

C# has two types of numeric conversions:

1. Implicit conversions: no data will be lost and no additional syntax is required.
2. Explicit conversions: data could be lost and additional syntax in the form of a cast is required.

As an int has less precision than a double, converting from an int to a double is safe and is thus an implicit conversion. However, converting from a double to an int could mean losing data, so that requires an explicit conversion.

int softCool = 1358938113;
double notLost = 4.8151623;

// implicit cast: no loss of information
double macDebug = softCool;         // 1358938113.0

// explicit cast: possible loss of information 
int somethingLost = (int)notLost;   // 4

If Statements

In this exercise you must conditionally execute logic. The most common way to do this in C# is by using an if/else statement:

int x = 6;

if (x == 5)
{
    // Execute logic if x equals 5
}
else if (x > 7)
{
    // Execute logic if x greater than 7
}
else
{
    // Execute logic in all other cases
}

The condition of an if statement must be of type bool. C# has no concept of truthy values.