Instructions

A rational number is defined as the quotient of two integers a and b, called the numerator and denominator, respectively, where b != 0.

The absolute value |r| of the rational number r = a/b is equal to |a|/|b|.

The sum of two rational numbers r₁ = a₁/b₁ and r₂ = a₂/b₂ is r₁ + r₂ = a₁/b₁ + a₂/b₂ = (a₁ * b₂ + a₂ * b₁) / (b₁ * b₂).

The difference of two rational numbers r₁ = a₁/b₁ and r₂ = a₂/b₂ is r₁ - r₂ = a₁/b₁ - a₂/b₂ = (a₁ * b₂ - a₂ * b₁) / (b₁ * b₂).

The product (multiplication) of two rational numbers r₁ = a₁/b₁ and r₂ = a₂/b₂ is r₁ * r₂ = (a₁ * a₂) / (b₁ * b₂).

Dividing a rational number r₁ = a₁/b₁ by another r₂ = a₂/b₂ is r₁ / r₂ = (a₁ * b₂) / (a₂ * b₁) if a₂ is not zero.

Exponentiation of a rational number r = a/b to a non-negative integer power n is r^n = (a^n)/(b^n).

Exponentiation of a rational number r = a/b to a negative integer power n is r^n = (b^m)/(a^m), where m = |n|.

Exponentiation of a rational number r = a/b to a real (floating-point) number x is the quotient (a^x)/(b^x), which is a real number.

Exponentiation of a real number x to a rational number r = a/b is x^(a/b) = root(x^a, b), where root(p, q) is the qth root of p.

Implement the following operations:

addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of two rational numbers,
absolute value, exponentiation of a given rational number to an integer power, exponentiation of a given rational number to a real (floating-point) power, exponentiation of a real number to a rational number.

Your implementation of rational numbers should always be reduced to lowest terms. For example, 4/4 should reduce to 1/1, 30/60 should reduce to 1/2, 12/8 should reduce to 3/2, etc. To reduce a rational number r = a/b, divide a and b by the greatest common divisor (gcd) of a and b. So, for example, gcd(12, 8) = 4, so r = 12/8 can be reduced to (12/4)/(8/4) = 3/2.